Review: The Reinterpretation of Germania Magna – Geodynamic, Archaeometallurgical, and Cartographic Evidence for Identifying the Vistula with an Ancient River System in Lusatia

The study of Claudius Ptolemy’s Geographike Hyphegesis, written around 150 AD, represents one of the most complex tasks in historical geography. With over 6,300 recorded places and their coordinates, the work forms the fundamental framework for our understanding of the ancient world.¹ The scholarly challenge arises from the discrepancy between the ancient data and modern topography, which has historically often been attributed to faulty transmission or insufficient measurement accuracy. The plausibility analysis presented here addresses a radical paradigm shift: the identification of the ancient Vistula not with the Weichsel (Vistula) in Poland, but with the system of the Black Elster in present-day Lusatia, as postulated by Sven Mildner in his publication on Germania Magna.²

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vistula fluvius black elster ptolemy germania magna sven mildner calisia calau lusatia iron smelting archaeometallurgy ustulare etymology ptolemaic coordinates geodetic rectification caledonian deformation front asciburgius mons fläming settlement hiatus 536 AD demographic break old european hydronymy elsterwerda luckau-calau basin ancient coastline holocene geodynamics germania magna reinterpretation